&#272;&#7891;ng s&aacute;ng l&#7853;p Ethereum, Vitalik Buterin, d&#7921; ki&#7871;n n&#259;m 2026 s&#7869; l&agrave; th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m blockchain n&agrave;y quay tr&#7903; l&#7841;i v&#7899;i tinh th&#7847;n &ldquo;cypherpunk&rdquo; ban &#273;&#7847;u.
V&agrave;o ng&agrave;y 16/01/2024, Buterin &#273;&atilde; c&ocirc;ng b&#7889; m&#7897;t l&#7897; tr&igrave;nh k&#7929; thu&#7853;t v&#7899;i m&#7909;c ti&ecirc;u &#273;&#7843;o ng&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng g&igrave; &ocirc;ng g&#7885;i l&agrave; &ldquo;m&#7897;t th&#7853;p k&#7927; t&#7909;t l&ugrave;i&rdquo; v&#7873; phi t&#7853;p trung.
<h2 class="bic-gutenberg-heading wp-heading wp-block-heading" id="h-how-ethereum-plans-to-fix-its-compromises">Ethereum d&#7921; &#273;&#7883;nh kh&#7855;c ph&#7909;c nh&#7919;ng h&#7841;n ch&#7871; c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh nh&#432; th&#7871; n&agrave;o</h2>

&#272;&#7891;ng s&aacute;ng l&#7853;p Ethereum <a href="https://x.com/VitalikButerin/status/2012231445809435134" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">th&#7915;a nh&#7853;n</a> r&#7857;ng <a href="https://beincrypto.com/ethereum-adopts-enterprise-push-with-etherealize/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">vi&#7879;c m&#7841;ng l&#432;&#7899;i theo &#273;u&#7893;i kh&#7843; n&#259;ng m&#7903; r&#7897;ng ph&#7909;c v&#7909; s&#7889; &#273;&ocirc;ng</a> &#273;&atilde; v&ocirc; t&igrave;nh l&agrave;m m&#7845;t &#273;i l&#7901;i h&#7913;a c&#7889;t l&otilde;i v&#7873; quy&#7873;n t&#7921; ch&#7911; cho ng&#432;&#7901;i d&ugrave;ng.
Theo Buterin, h&#7879; sinh th&aacute;i hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i khi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i d&ugrave;ng tr&#7903; n&ecirc;n qu&aacute; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&agrave;o h&#7841; t&#7847;ng t&#7853;p trung khi t&#432;&#417;ng t&aacute;c v&#7899;i blockchain. S&#7921; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c n&agrave;y ch&#7911; y&#7871;u li&ecirc;n quan &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c d&ugrave;ng c&aacute;c m&aacute;y ch&#7911; tin c&#7853;y v&agrave; c&aacute;c giao th&#7913;c Remote Procedure Calls (RPC).
Ki&#7871;n tr&uacute;c n&agrave;y bu&#7897;c ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ph&#7843;i tin t&#432;&#7903;ng v&agrave;o c&aacute;c nh&agrave; cung c&#7845;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&ecirc;n th&#7913; ba thay v&igrave; t&#7921; m&igrave;nh x&aacute;c minh chu&#7895;i kh&#7889;i.
&#272;&#7875; thay &#273;&#7893;i &#273;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y, l&#7897; tr&igrave;nh &#273;&#7871;n n&#259;m 2026 s&#7869; &#432;u ti&ecirc;n tri&#7875;n khai Helios v&agrave; <a href="https://beincrypto.com/ethereum-l2-zkevm-scroll-mainnet/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Zero-Knowledge Ethereum Virtual Machines (ZK-EVMs)</a>.
C&aacute;c c&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879; n&agrave;y nh&#7857;m m&#7909;c ti&ecirc;u gi&uacute;p tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m &ldquo;full node&rdquo; tr&#7903; n&ecirc;n ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n h&#417;n, cho ph&eacute;p ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n thi&#7871;t b&#7883; ph&#7893; th&ocirc;ng c&#361;ng c&oacute; th&#7875; ki&#7875;m tra, x&aacute;c nh&#7853;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&ocirc;ng qua Bridges v&agrave; Local Verification (BAL).
B&#7857;ng c&aacute;ch chuy&#7875;n qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh x&aacute;c minh v&#7873; ph&iacute;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&ugrave;ng cu&#7889;i, Ethereum mu&#7889;n lo&#7841;i b&#7887; s&#7921; c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t ph&#7843;i tin t&#432;&#7903;ng &ldquo;m&ugrave; qu&aacute;ng&rdquo; v&agrave;o c&aacute;c c&#7893;ng t&#7853;p trung nh&#432; Infura hay Alchemy.
L&#7897; tr&igrave;nh n&agrave;y c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;a ra c&aacute;c t&iacute;nh n&#259;ng <a href="https://vn.beincrypto.com/ethereum-foundation-privacy-network-roadmap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">&ldquo;privacy UX&rdquo; m&#7841;nh m&#7869;</a>, th&uacute;c &#273;&#7849;y quy&#7873;n ri&ecirc;ng t&#432; cho ng&#432;&#7901;i d&ugrave;ng, d&ugrave; &#273;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y c&oacute; th&#7875; d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n m&acirc;u thu&#7851;n v&#7899;i c&aacute;c c&ocirc;ng ty ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u.
Do &#273;&oacute;, Buterin &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t t&iacute;ch h&#7907;p c&aacute;c giao th&#7913;c nh&#432; Oblivious RAM (ORAM) v&agrave; Private Information Retrieval (PIR). Nh&#7919;ng giao th&#7913;c n&agrave;y gi&uacute;p v&iacute; c&oacute; th&#7875; tra c&#7913;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&#7875; l&#7897; th&oacute;i quen hay l&#7883;ch s&#7917; truy c&#7853;p, qua &#273;&oacute; &#7849;n danh ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i d&ugrave;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c c&aacute;c nh&agrave; cung c&#7845;p RPC.
Gi&#7843;i ph&aacute;p n&agrave;y nh&#7857;m ng&#259;n vi&#7879;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u h&agrave;nh vi c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&ugrave;ng b&#7883; b&aacute;n cho c&aacute;c b&ecirc;n th&#7913; ba.
V&#7873; m&#7863;t b&#7843;o m&#7853;t, m&#7841;ng l&#432;&#7899;i s&#7869; ti&ecirc;u chu&#7849;n h&oacute;a c&aacute;c lo&#7841;i v&iacute; c&oacute; t&iacute;nh n&#259;ng &ldquo;kh&ocirc;i ph&#7909;c x&atilde; h&#7897;i&rdquo; v&agrave; th&#7901;i gian kh&oacute;a. Nh&#7919;ng c&ocirc;ng c&#7909; n&agrave;y s&#7869; gi&uacute;p vi&#7879;c l&#7845;y l&#7841;i t&agrave;i s&#7843;n tr&#7903; n&ecirc;n d&#7877; d&agrave;ng h&#417;n, kh&ocirc;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#7871;n c&aacute;c d&#7883;ch v&#7909; l&#432;u k&yacute; t&#7853;p trung hay l&#432;u tr&#7919; &#273;&aacute;m m&acirc;y d&#7877; b&#7883; can thi&#7879;p b&#7903;i c&aacute;c t&#7853;p &#273;o&agrave;n c&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879; l&#7899;n nh&#432; Google.
B&ecirc;n c&#7841;nh &#273;&oacute;, <a href="https://beincrypto.com/vitalik-buterin-opinions-ethereum-ui-more-needs-done/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Ethereum c&#361;ng s&#7869; t&#259;ng c&#432;&#7901;ng giao di&#7879;n ng&#432;&#7901;i d&ugrave;ng</a> b&#7857;ng c&aacute;ch s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&aacute;c giao th&#7913;c l&#432;u tr&#7919; phi t&#7853;p trung nh&#432; IPFS, gi&uacute;p h&#7841;n ch&#7871; nguy c&#417; b&#7883; chi&#7871;m quy&#7873;n ki&#7875;m so&aacute;t giao di&#7879;n v&agrave; kh&oacute;a t&agrave;i s&#7843;n c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&ugrave;ng.
M&#7863;c d&ugrave; &ocirc;ng l&#432;u &yacute; r&#7857;ng c&aacute;c c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t n&agrave;y s&#7869; kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &aacute;p d&#7909;ng ngay trong b&#7843;n ph&aacute;t h&agrave;nh s&#7855;p t&#7899;i, nh&#432;ng k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch &#273;&#7871;n 2026 s&#7869; l&agrave; <a href="https://vn.beincrypto.com/ethereum-ossifiability-roadmap-analysis/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">m&#7897;t b&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7871;n l&#7899;n, thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#417; b&#7843;n c&aacute;ch blockchain l&#7899;n th&#7913; hai th&#7871; gi&#7899;i qu&#7843;n l&yacute; ni&#7873;m tin</a>.
<blockquote class="max-w-xl text-4.5 border-l-2 border-blue-600 pl-11 mb-9 select-all [&amp;_p]:!mb-0 wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
&ldquo;&#272;&acirc;y s&#7869; l&agrave; m&#7897;t ch&#7863;ng &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng d&agrave;i. Ch&uacute;ng ta s&#7869; kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7885;i th&#7913; m&igrave;nh mu&#7889;n ngay &#7903; b&#7843;n ph&aacute;t h&agrave;nh Kohaku ti&#7871;p theo, ho&#7863;c c&aacute;c &#273;&#7907;t n&acirc;ng c&#7845;p sau &#273;&oacute;. Nh&#432;ng nh&#7919;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i n&agrave;y s&#7869; gi&uacute;p Ethereum kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881; x&#7913;ng &#273;&aacute;ng v&#7899;i v&#7883; tr&iacute; hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i m&agrave; c&ograve;n m&#7903; r&#7897;ng vai tr&ograve; trong t&#432;&#417;ng lai,&rdquo; &ocirc;ng chia s&#7867;.
</blockquote>

Vitalik Buterin thừa nhận Ethereum đã “tụt lùi” trong 10 năm qua

&#272;&#7891;ng s&aacute;ng l&#7853;p Ethereum, Vitalik Buterin, d&#7921; ki&#7871;n n&#259;m 2026 s&#7869; l&agrave; th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m blockchain n&agrave;y quay tr&#7903; l&#7841;i v&#7899;i tinh th&#7847;n &ldquo;cypherpunk&rdquo; ban &#273;&#7847;u.
V&agrave;o ng&agrave;y 16/01/2024, Buterin &#273;&atilde; c&ocirc;ng b&#7889; m&#7897;t l&#7897; tr&igrave;nh k&#7929; thu&#7853;t v&#7899;i m&#7909;c ti&ecirc;u &#273;&#7843;o ng&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng g&igrave; &ocirc;ng g&#7885;i l&agrave; &ldquo;m&#7897;t th&#7853;p k&#7927; t&#7909;t l&ugrave;i&rdquo; v&#7873; phi t&#7853;p trung.
<h2 class="bic-gutenberg-heading wp-heading wp-block-heading" id="h-how-ethereum-plans-to-fix-its-compromises">Ethereum d&#7921; &#273;&#7883;nh kh&#7855;c ph&#7909;c nh&#7919;ng h&#7841;n ch&#7871; c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh nh&#432; th&#7871; n&agrave;o</h2>

&#272;&#7891;ng s&aacute;ng l&#7853;p Ethereum <a href="https://x.com/VitalikButerin/status/2012231445809435134" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">th&#7915;a nh&#7853;n</a> r&#7857;ng <a href="https://beincrypto.com/ethereum-adopts-enterprise-push-with-etherealize/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">vi&#7879;c m&#7841;ng l&#432;&#7899;i theo &#273;u&#7893;i kh&#7843; n&#259;ng m&#7903; r&#7897;ng ph&#7909;c v&#7909; s&#7889; &#273;&ocirc;ng</a> &#273;&atilde; v&ocirc; t&igrave;nh l&agrave;m m&#7845;t &#273;i l&#7901;i h&#7913;a c&#7889;t l&otilde;i v&#7873; quy&#7873;n t&#7921; ch&#7911; cho ng&#432;&#7901;i d&ugrave;ng.
Theo Buterin, h&#7879; sinh th&aacute;i hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i khi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i d&ugrave;ng tr&#7903; n&ecirc;n qu&aacute; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&agrave;o h&#7841; t&#7847;ng t&#7853;p trung khi t&#432;&#417;ng t&aacute;c v&#7899;i blockchain. S&#7921; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c n&agrave;y ch&#7911; y&#7871;u li&ecirc;n quan &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c d&ugrave;ng c&aacute;c m&aacute;y ch&#7911; tin c&#7853;y v&agrave; c&aacute;c giao th&#7913;c Remote Procedure Calls (RPC).
Ki&#7871;n tr&uacute;c n&agrave;y bu&#7897;c ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ph&#7843;i tin t&#432;&#7903;ng v&agrave;o c&aacute;c nh&agrave; cung c&#7845;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&ecirc;n th&#7913; ba thay v&igrave; t&#7921; m&igrave;nh x&aacute;c minh chu&#7895;i kh&#7889;i.
&#272;&#7875; thay &#273;&#7893;i &#273;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y, l&#7897; tr&igrave;nh &#273;&#7871;n n&#259;m 2026 s&#7869; &#432;u ti&ecirc;n tri&#7875;n khai Helios v&agrave; <a href="https://beincrypto.com/ethereum-l2-zkevm-scroll-mainnet/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Zero-Knowledge Ethereum Virtual Machines (ZK-EVMs)</a>.
C&aacute;c c&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879; n&agrave;y nh&#7857;m m&#7909;c ti&ecirc;u gi&uacute;p tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m &ldquo;full node&rdquo; tr&#7903; n&ecirc;n ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n h&#417;n, cho ph&eacute;p ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n thi&#7871;t b&#7883; ph&#7893; th&ocirc;ng c&#361;ng c&oacute; th&#7875; ki&#7875;m tra, x&aacute;c nh&#7853;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&ocirc;ng qua Bridges v&agrave; Local Verification (BAL).
B&#7857;ng c&aacute;ch chuy&#7875;n qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh x&aacute;c minh v&#7873; ph&iacute;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&ugrave;ng cu&#7889;i, Ethereum mu&#7889;n lo&#7841;i b&#7887; s&#7921; c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t ph&#7843;i tin t&#432;&#7903;ng &ldquo;m&ugrave; qu&aacute;ng&rdquo; v&agrave;o c&aacute;c c&#7893;ng t&#7853;p trung nh&#432; Infura hay Alchemy.
L&#7897; tr&igrave;nh n&agrave;y c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;a ra c&aacute;c t&iacute;nh n&#259;ng <a href="https://vn.beincrypto.com/ethereum-foundation-privacy-network-roadmap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">&ldquo;privacy UX&rdquo; m&#7841;nh m&#7869;</a>, th&uacute;c &#273;&#7849;y quy&#7873;n ri&ecirc;ng t&#432; cho ng&#432;&#7901;i d&ugrave;ng, d&ugrave; &#273;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y c&oacute; th&#7875; d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n m&acirc;u thu&#7851;n v&#7899;i c&aacute;c c&ocirc;ng ty ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u.
Do &#273;&oacute;, Buterin &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t t&iacute;ch h&#7907;p c&aacute;c giao th&#7913;c nh&#432; Oblivious RAM (ORAM) v&agrave; Private Information Retrieval (PIR). Nh&#7919;ng giao th&#7913;c n&agrave;y gi&uacute;p v&iacute; c&oacute; th&#7875; tra c&#7913;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&#7875; l&#7897; th&oacute;i quen hay l&#7883;ch s&#7917; truy c&#7853;p, qua &#273;&oacute; &#7849;n danh ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i d&ugrave;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c c&aacute;c nh&agrave; cung c&#7845;p RPC.
Gi&#7843;i ph&aacute;p n&agrave;y nh&#7857;m ng&#259;n vi&#7879;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u h&agrave;nh vi c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&ugrave;ng b&#7883; b&aacute;n cho c&aacute;c b&ecirc;n th&#7913; ba.
V&#7873; m&#7863;t b&#7843;o m&#7853;t, m&#7841;ng l&#432;&#7899;i s&#7869; ti&ecirc;u chu&#7849;n h&oacute;a c&aacute;c lo&#7841;i v&iacute; c&oacute; t&iacute;nh n&#259;ng &ldquo;kh&ocirc;i ph&#7909;c x&atilde; h&#7897;i&rdquo; v&agrave; th&#7901;i gian kh&oacute;a. Nh&#7919;ng c&ocirc;ng c&#7909; n&agrave;y s&#7869; gi&uacute;p vi&#7879;c l&#7845;y l&#7841;i t&agrave;i s&#7843;n tr&#7903; n&ecirc;n d&#7877; d&agrave;ng h&#417;n, kh&ocirc;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#7871;n c&aacute;c d&#7883;ch v&#7909; l&#432;u k&yacute; t&#7853;p trung hay l&#432;u tr&#7919; &#273;&aacute;m m&acirc;y d&#7877; b&#7883; can thi&#7879;p b&#7903;i c&aacute;c t&#7853;p &#273;o&agrave;n c&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879; l&#7899;n nh&#432; Google.
B&ecirc;n c&#7841;nh &#273;&oacute;, <a href="https://beincrypto.com/vitalik-buterin-opinions-ethereum-ui-more-needs-done/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Ethereum c&#361;ng s&#7869; t&#259;ng c&#432;&#7901;ng giao di&#7879;n ng&#432;&#7901;i d&ugrave;ng</a> b&#7857;ng c&aacute;ch s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&aacute;c giao th&#7913;c l&#432;u tr&#7919; phi t&#7853;p trung nh&#432; IPFS, gi&uacute;p h&#7841;n ch&#7871; nguy c&#417; b&#7883; chi&#7871;m quy&#7873;n ki&#7875;m so&aacute;t giao di&#7879;n v&agrave; kh&oacute;a t&agrave;i s&#7843;n c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&ugrave;ng.
M&#7863;c d&ugrave; &ocirc;ng l&#432;u &yacute; r&#7857;ng c&aacute;c c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t n&agrave;y s&#7869; kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &aacute;p d&#7909;ng ngay trong b&#7843;n ph&aacute;t h&agrave;nh s&#7855;p t&#7899;i, nh&#432;ng k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch &#273;&#7871;n 2026 s&#7869; l&agrave; <a href="https://vn.beincrypto.com/ethereum-ossifiability-roadmap-analysis/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">m&#7897;t b&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7871;n l&#7899;n, thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#417; b&#7843;n c&aacute;ch blockchain l&#7899;n th&#7913; hai th&#7871; gi&#7899;i qu&#7843;n l&yacute; ni&#7873;m tin</a>.
<blockquote class="max-w-xl text-4.5 border-l-2 border-blue-600 pl-11 mb-9 select-all [&amp;_p]:!mb-0 wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
&ldquo;&#272;&acirc;y s&#7869; l&agrave; m&#7897;t ch&#7863;ng &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng d&agrave;i. Ch&uacute;ng ta s&#7869; kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7885;i th&#7913; m&igrave;nh mu&#7889;n ngay &#7903; b&#7843;n ph&aacute;t h&agrave;nh Kohaku ti&#7871;p theo, ho&#7863;c c&aacute;c &#273;&#7907;t n&acirc;ng c&#7845;p sau &#273;&oacute;. Nh&#432;ng nh&#7919;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i n&agrave;y s&#7869; gi&uacute;p Ethereum kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881; x&#7913;ng &#273;&aacute;ng v&#7899;i v&#7883; tr&iacute; hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i m&agrave; c&ograve;n m&#7903; r&#7897;ng vai tr&ograve; trong t&#432;&#417;ng lai,&rdquo; &ocirc;ng chia s&#7867;.