&#272;&#7891;ng s&aacute;ng l&#7853;p Ethereum, Vitalik Buterin cho bi&#7871;t nh&#7919;ng c&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879; m&#7899;i v&#7873; quy&#7873;n ri&ecirc;ng t&#432; v&agrave; x&#7917; l&yacute; d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&atilde; gi&uacute;p gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&aacute;c th&aacute;ch th&#7913;c v&#7873; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng m&#7903; r&#7897;ng m&agrave; blockchain n&agrave;y g&#7863;p ph&#7843;i l&acirc;u nay.
Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, &ocirc;ng c&#361;ng c&#7843;nh b&aacute;o r&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c tri&#7875;n khai to&agrave;n di&#7879;n v&#7873; b&#7843;o m&#7853;t cho nh&#7919;ng ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n n&agrave;y s&#7869; c&#7847;n th&ecirc;m v&agrave;i n&#259;m n&#7919;a.
<h2 class="bic-gutenberg-heading wp-heading wp-block-heading" id="h-buterin-outlines-2030-roadmap-to-ensure-full-security">Buterin tr&igrave;nh b&agrave;y l&#7897; tr&igrave;nh &#273;&#7871;n n&#259;m 2030 nh&#7857;m &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o an to&agrave;n tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i</h2>

Trong m&#7897;t <a href="https://x.com/VitalikButerin/status/2007559523528233041" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">b&agrave;i &#273;&#259;ng</a> tr&ecirc;n X ng&agrave;y 03/01/2024, Buterin n&oacute;i r&#7857;ng <a href="https://vn.beincrypto.com/ethereum-foundation-privacy-network-roadmap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">vi&#7879;c t&iacute;ch h&#7907;p c&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879; zero-knowledge</a> virtual machines v&agrave;o Ethereum &#273;&atilde; thay &#273;&#7893;i ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n kh&#7843; n&#259;ng c&#7911;a m&#7841;ng l&#432;&#7899;i n&agrave;y.
&Ocirc;ng b&#7893; sung r&#7857;ng s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i n&agrave;y l&agrave; nh&#7901; s&#7921; k&#7871;t h&#7907;p gi&#7919;a <a href="https://beincrypto.com/learn/zero-knowledge-proofs-explained/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ZK-EVMs</a> v&agrave; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&aacute;p <a href="https://vn.beincrypto.com/ethereum-fusaka-peer-das-upgrade/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ph&acirc;n ph&#7889;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u PeerDAS</a>.
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&ldquo;&#272;&acirc;y kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843;i l&agrave; nh&#7919;ng c&#7843;i ti&#7871;n nh&#7887;, m&agrave; l&agrave; nh&#7919;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#259;n b&#7843;n gi&uacute;p Ethereum tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i m&#7841;ng phi t&#7853;p trung ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n m&#7899;i v&agrave; m&#7841;nh m&#7869; h&#417;n,&rdquo; &ocirc;ng nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh.
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&Ocirc;ng cho r&#7857;ng s&#7921; k&#7871;t h&#7907;p n&agrave;y &#273;&atilde; gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &ldquo;Blockchain Trilemma&rdquo; &ndash; m&#7897;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t l&acirc;u nay v&#7873; vi&#7879;c l&agrave;m sao &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; phi t&#7853;p trung, b&#7843;o m&#7853;t v&agrave; b&#259;ng th&ocirc;ng cao trong blockchain.
Buterin so s&aacute;nh c&#7845;u tr&uacute;c m&#7899;i n&agrave;y gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; &ldquo;BitTorrent c&oacute; th&ecirc;m s&#7921; &#273;&#7891;ng thu&#7853;n&rdquo;, kh&aacute;c v&#7899;i m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh c&#7911;a Bitcoin v&#7889;n &#432;u ti&ecirc;n s&#7921; phi t&#7853;p trung nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i b&#7883; h&#7841;n ch&#7871; v&#7873; t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; x&#7917; l&yacute; d&#7919; li&#7879;u.
V&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng c&#7843;i ti&#7871;n m&#7899;i, &ocirc;ng nh&#7853;n &#273;&#7883;nh, <a href="https://beincrypto.com/ethereum-network-101-history-tecnology-foundation-of-eth/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Ethereum</a> gi&#7901; &#273;&acirc;y c&oacute; th&#7875; x&#7917; l&yacute; d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#7893;ng l&#7891; nh&#432; nh&#7919;ng m&#7841;ng chia s&#7867; file l&#7899;n m&agrave; v&#7851;n &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o t&iacute;nh b&#7843;o m&#7853;t c&#7911;a m&#7897;t s&#7893; c&aacute;i phi t&#7853;p trung.
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&ldquo;B&agrave;i to&aacute;n ba tr&#7909; c&#7897;t &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t &ndash; kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881; tr&ecirc;n l&yacute; thuy&#7871;t m&agrave; b&#7857;ng m&atilde; ngu&#7891;n th&#7921;c t&#7871;, trong &#273;&oacute; m&#7897;t n&#7917;a (data availability sampling) &#273;&atilde; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n tr&ecirc;n mainnet v&agrave; m&#7897;t n&#7917;a c&ograve;n l&#7841;i (ZK-EVMs) &#273;&atilde; s&#7861;n s&agrave;ng &#273;&#7875; v&#7853;n h&agrave;nh th&#7921;c t&#7871; &ndash; ch&#7881; c&ograve;n v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; v&#7873; an to&agrave;n,&rdquo; &ocirc;ng ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch.
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Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, l&#7897; tr&igrave;nh &#273;&#432;a t&#7847;m nh&igrave;n n&agrave;y v&agrave;o th&#7921;c ti&#7877;n v&#7851;n c&ograve;n k&eacute;o d&agrave;i trong t&#432;&#417;ng lai.
D&ugrave; Buterin kh&#7859;ng &#273;&#7883;nh c&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879; n&agrave;y &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &ldquo;hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t th&#7921;c ti&#7877;n&rdquo;, &ocirc;ng c&#361;ng th&#7915;a nh&#7853;n v&#7851;n c&ograve;n nhi&#7873;u vi&#7879;c ph&#7843;i l&agrave;m &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o h&#7879; th&#7889;ng th&#7921;c s&#7921; an to&agrave;n.
Theo m&#7889;c th&#7901;i gian m&agrave; &ocirc;ng &#273;&#432;a ra, ZK-EVMs s&#7869; kh&ocirc;ng tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh ph&#432;&#417;ng th&#7913;c x&aacute;c nh&#7853;n block ch&iacute;nh cho &#273;&#7871;n giai &#273;o&#7841;n 2027&ndash;2030. C&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879; n&agrave;y s&#7869; gi&uacute;p x&aacute;c minh giao d&#7883;ch nhanh h&#417;n, ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m chi ph&iacute; h&#417;n m&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng c&#7847;n l&#7897; d&#7919; li&#7879;u g&#7889;c.
Trong th&#7901;i gian ch&#7901; &#273;&#7907;i, <a href="https://vn.beincrypto.com/ethereum-network-upgrades-for-2026/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">m&#7841;ng l&#432;&#7899;i s&#7869; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c n&acirc;ng c&#7845;p t&#7915;ng b&#432;&#7899;c nh&#7887;</a>.
N&#259;m nay, Buterin d&#7921; &#273;o&aacute;n gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n gas s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&acirc;ng l&ecirc;n. Nh&#7919;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i trong giao th&#7913;c m&#7899;i s&#7869; h&#7895; tr&#7907; &#273;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y th&ocirc;ng qua vi&#7879;c t&aacute;ch vai tr&ograve; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t giao d&#7883;ch v&agrave; ng&#432;&#7901;i x&acirc;y d&#7921;ng block, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i cho ph&eacute;p x&#7917; l&yacute; nhi&#7873;u giao d&#7883;ch h&#417;n trong m&#7895;i block.
Trong giai &#273;o&#7841;n xa h&#417;n, Buterin &#273;&#7863;t m&#7909;c ti&ecirc;u th&uacute;c &#273;&#7849;y kh&aacute;i ni&#7879;m &ldquo;x&acirc;y block ph&acirc;n t&aacute;n&rdquo;. &#272;&acirc;y l&agrave; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng m&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; b&#7845;t k&#7923; th&#7921;c th&#7875; n&agrave;o x&acirc;y d&#7921;ng tr&#7885;n v&#7865;n m&#7897;t block, m&agrave; c&aacute;c ph&#7847;n s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chia nh&#7887; v&agrave; x&#7917; l&yacute; b&#7903;i nhi&#7873;u b&ecirc;n tham gia.
&Ocirc;ng cho r&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c ph&acirc;n ph&#7889;i quy&#7873;n h&#7841;n n&agrave;y s&#7869; l&agrave;m gi&#7843;m r&#7911;i ro ki&#7875;m duy&#7879;t t&#7853;p trung v&agrave; gi&uacute;p c&aacute;c giao d&#7883;ch &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#7917; l&yacute; &#273;&#7891;ng &#273;&#7873;u h&#417;n gi&#7919;a c&aacute;c khu v&#7921;c.
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&ldquo;M&#7909;c ti&ecirc;u l&yacute; t&#432;&#7903;ng l&acirc;u d&agrave;i l&agrave; h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#7899;i t&#432;&#417;ng lai m&agrave; m&#7897;t block ho&agrave;n ch&#7881;nh s&#7869; kh&ocirc;ng bao gi&#7901; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o d&#7921;ng &#7903; m&#7897;t n&#417;i duy nh&#7845;t. &#272;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y c&oacute; th&#7875; ch&#432;a c&#7847;n ngay, nh&#432;ng theo t&ocirc;i, ch&uacute;ng ta n&ecirc;n c&#7889; g&#7855;ng &#273;&#7875; c&oacute; th&#7875; l&agrave;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&oacute; khi c&#7847;n,&rdquo; Buterin vi&#7871;t.
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S&#7921; chuy&#7875;n h&#432;&#7899;ng c&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879; n&agrave;y &#273;&#7871;n v&agrave;o th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m <a href="https://vn.beincrypto.com/stripes-tempo-blockchain-the-new-libra-or-ethereum-killer/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Ethereum v&#7851;n &#273;ang &#273;&#7889;i m&#7863;t v&#7899;i nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911; c&#7841;nh tranh gay g&#7855;t</a> t&#7915; c&aacute;c blockchain nhanh h&#417;n, chi ph&iacute; th&#7845;p h&#417;n, bu&#7897;c c&aacute;c nh&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7849;y nhanh ti&#7871;n &#273;&#7897; tri&#7875;n khai c&aacute;c gi&#7843;i ph&aacute;p m&#7903; r&#7897;ng th&#7871; h&#7879; ti&#7871;p theo.

Vitalik Buterin cho rằng Ethereum đã giải quyết được vấn đề “bộ ba nan giải” của blockchain