M&aacute;y t&iacute;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7917; v&#7851;n l&agrave; m&#7889;i lo l&#7899;n &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i Bitcoin v&agrave; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng crypto, t&#7841;o ra r&#7911;i ro b&#7843;o m&#7853;t cho c&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879; m&atilde; h&oacute;a c&#7889;t l&otilde;i. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, hi&#7879;n &#273;ang c&oacute; m&#7897;t m&#7889;i &#273;e d&#7885;a m&#7899;i l&agrave; BIP &ldquo;Cat&rdquo; g&acirc;y tranh c&atilde;i, l&agrave;m d&#7845;y l&ecirc;n cu&#7897;c tranh lu&#7853;n s&ocirc;i n&#7893;i gi&#7919;a c&aacute;c developer v&#7873; vi&#7879;c g&#7855;n nh&atilde;n cho h&agrave;ng tri&#7879;u output li&ecirc;n quan &#273;&#7871;n inscription l&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875; ti&ecirc;u d&ugrave;ng v&#297;nh vi&#7877;n.
B&#7843;n d&#7921; th&#7843;o BIP n&agrave;y c&#7889; g&#7855;ng gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t n&#7895;i lo v&#7873; vi&#7879;c blockchain b&#7883; ph&igrave;nh to, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i &#273;&#7863;t ra c&aacute;c c&acirc;u h&#7887;i quan tr&#7885;ng v&#7873; quy&#7873;n s&#7903; h&#7919;u v&agrave; nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855;c c&#417; b&#7843;n c&#7911;a Bitcoin. Ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng t&#7915; c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng r&#7845;t &#273;a d&#7841;ng, c&oacute; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7911;ng h&#7897; m&#7841;nh m&#7869;, c&oacute; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7841;i c&#7843;nh b&aacute;o v&#7873; nguy c&#417; t&#7841;o ra ti&#7873;n l&#7879; nguy hi&#7875;m.
<h2 class="bic-gutenberg-heading wp-heading wp-block-heading" id="h-bitcoin-developers-debate-bip-the-cat-proposal-to-combat-utxo-spam-from-ordinals-and-stamps">C&aacute;c nh&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n Bitcoin tranh lu&#7853;n v&#7873; BIP &ldquo;The Cat&rdquo;: &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t x&#7917; l&yacute; spam UTXO t&#7915; Ordinals v&agrave; Stamps</h2>

M&#7895;i giao d&#7883;ch Bitcoin &#273;&#7873;u chi ti&ecirc;u s&#7889; coin nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7915; giao d&#7883;ch tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&oacute;. C&aacute;c output c&#7911;a m&#7897;t giao d&#7883;ch ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng Bitcoin &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7917;i &#273;&#7871;n c&aacute;c &#273;&#7883;a ch&#7881;. Khi m&#7897;t output ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7871;n, n&oacute; s&#7869; tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO).
N&oacute;i &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n, UTXO l&agrave; ph&#7847;n Bitcoin m&agrave; b&#7841;n c&oacute; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#7903; l&#7847;n ti&#7871;p theo.
K&#7871; ho&#7841;ch n&agrave;y t&#7853;p trung gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t t&igrave;nh tr&#7841;ng s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng UTXO c&#7911;a Bitcoin g&#7847;n &#273;&acirc;y &#273;&atilde; t&#259;ng g&#7845;p &#273;&ocirc;i, &#273;&#7841;t h&#417;n 160 tri&#7879;u v&agrave;o n&#259;m 2023, nguy&ecirc;n nh&acirc;n ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n do <a href="https://vn.beincrypto.com/trump-bitcoin-digital-trading-cards/">Ordinals v&agrave; Bitcoin Stamps</a> g&acirc;y ra.
V&agrave;i n&#259;m tr&#7903; l&#7841;i &#273;&acirc;y, b&#7897; UTXO c&#7911;a Bitcoin t&#259;ng m&#7841;nh, t&#7841;o ra th&aacute;ch th&#7913;c cho c&aacute;c node operator v&agrave; miner. <a href="https://groups.google.com/g/bitcoindev/c/Q6ulQb13okg/m/-rn-0AvIAAAJ?pli=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Theo m&#7897;t th&#7843;o lu&#7853;n v&#7873; d&#7921; th&#7843;o</a>, s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng UTXO &#273;&atilde; t&#7915; kho&#7843;ng 80&ndash;90 tri&#7879;u l&ecirc;n h&#417;n 160 tri&#7879;u trong n&#259;m 2023.
Hi&#7879;n nay, g&#7847;n m&#7897;t n&#7917;a s&#7889; UTXO ch&#7913;a d&#432;&#7899;i 1,000 satoshi, h&#7847;u h&#7871;t ch&#7881; t&#7891;n t&#7841;i &#273;&#7875; l&#432;u tr&#7919; d&#7919; li&#7879;u h&#417;n l&agrave; &#273;&#7875; giao d&#7883;ch ti&#7873;n t&#7879; th&#7921;c s&#7921;.
Nguy&ecirc;n nh&acirc;n ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; do inscription qua Ordinals, &#273;&#7863;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&agrave;o tr&#432;&#7901;ng Taproot witness v&agrave; Bitcoin Stamps t&#7841;o ra output kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7857;ng c&aacute;ch d&ugrave;ng c&aacute;c &#273;&#7883;a ch&#7881; multisig gi&#7843; m&#7841;o.
Nh&#7919;ng c&aacute;ch l&agrave;m n&agrave;y v&#432;&#7907;t qua c&aacute;c quy &#273;&#7883;nh nh&#432; OP_RETURN &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o ra t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7875; h&#7841;n ch&#7871; d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&ocirc;ng li&ecirc;n quan &#273;&#7871;n thanh to&aacute;n l&ecirc;n blockchain. <a href="https://vn.beincrypto.com/bitcoin-core-op-return-limit-version-30/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch transfer 80 byte c&#7911;a OP_RETURN</a> &#273;&atilde; gi&uacute;p gi&#7843;m b&#7899;t vi&#7879;c blockchain ph&igrave;nh to, nh&#432;ng c&aacute;c k&#7929; thu&#7853;t m&#7899;i l&#7841;i t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng giao d&#7883;ch m&#7899;i &#273;&#7875; l&#432;u tr&#7919; d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&agrave;i lu&#7891;ng.
&#7842;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng c&#361;ng kh&ocirc;ng nh&#7887;. M&#7895;i node &#273;&#7873;u ph&#7843;i t&#7843;i to&agrave;n b&#7897; b&#7897; UTXO v&#7873; &#273;&#7875; x&aacute;c minh giao d&#7883;ch, l&agrave;m t&#259;ng chi ph&iacute; cho miner v&agrave; c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng ai v&#7853;n h&agrave;nh nhi&#7873;u node.
Dev Bitcoin Mark Erhardt cho r&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c d&ugrave;ng UTXO set ki&#7875;u Stamps &ldquo;c&oacute; th&#7875; n&oacute;i l&agrave; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng c&aacute;ch g&acirc;y h&#7841;i cho blockchain v&#7873; m&#7863;t k&#7929; thu&#7853;t nh&#7845;t.&rdquo;
Theo truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng, Bitcoin lu&ocirc;n &#432;u ti&ecirc;n giao d&#7883;ch t&agrave;i ch&iacute;nh v&agrave; h&#7841;n ch&#7871; l&#432;u tr&#7919; d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Dev Bitcoin Core Greg Maxwell <a href="https://groups.google.com/g/bitcoindev/c/Q6ulQb13okg/m/-rn-0AvIAAAJ?pli=1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">n&oacute;i</a> v&#7873; gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n OP_RETURN: &ldquo;M&#7897;t ph&#7847;n &yacute; t&#432;&#7903;ng &#7903; &#273;&acirc;y ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; h&#432;&#7899;ng m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i theo nhu c&#7847;u ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m t&#7889;i &#273;a.&rdquo;
Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, c&#7843; Ordinals l&#7851;n Stamps v&#7851;n l&aacute;ch &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&aacute;c quy t&#7855;c n&agrave;y, n&ecirc;n &#273;&atilde; c&oacute; &yacute; ki&#7871;n k&ecirc;u g&#7885;i nh&#7919;ng bi&#7879;n ph&aacute;p m&#7841;nh h&#417;n, nh&#432; &ldquo;The Cat&rdquo;.
<h2 class="bic-gutenberg-heading wp-heading wp-block-heading" id="h-inside-the-cat-bip-proposal">B&ecirc;n trong &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t BIP &ldquo;The Cat&rdquo;</h2>

B&#7843;n &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t n&agrave;y gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u kh&aacute;i ni&#7879;m Non-Monetary UTXOs (NMUs), &#273;&#432;&#7907;c flag b&#7903;i c&aacute;c indexer v&#7899;i bit NMU. C&aacute;c output li&ecirc;n quan &#273;&#7871;n inscription &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7853;n di&#7879;n theo c&aacute;ch n&agrave;y s&#7869; tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875; ti&ecirc;u d&ugrave;ng, kh&ocirc;ng d&ugrave;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&agrave;m input cho giao d&#7883;ch n&#7919;a.
C&aacute;c node s&#7869; lo&#7841;i b&#7887; nh&#7919;ng output n&agrave;y kh&#7887;i b&#7897; d&#7919; li&#7879;u, gi&#7843;m b&#7899;t y&ecirc;u c&#7847;u l&#432;u tr&#7919; v&agrave; chi ph&iacute; v&#7853;n h&agrave;nh.
<blockquote class="max-w-xl text-4.5 border-l-2 border-blue-600 pl-11 mb-9 select-all [&amp;_p]:!mb-0 wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
&ldquo;&#272;&#7873; xu&#7845;t BIP m&#7899;i l&agrave; &lsquo;The Cat&rsquo; nh&#7855;m &#273;&#7871;n ch&#7889;ng spam t&#7915; Ordinals v&agrave; Stamps tr&ecirc;n Bitcoin: b&#7857;ng c&aacute;ch &#273;&oacute;ng b&#259;ng satoshi nh&#7901; &#273;&#7891;ng thu&#7853;n. &Yacute; t&#432;&#7903;ng l&agrave; l&agrave;m cho h&agrave;ng tri&#7879;u UTXO nh&#7887; ch&#7881; d&ugrave;ng &#273;&#7875; l&#432;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u tr&#7903; n&ecirc;n kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875; ti&ecirc;u d&ugrave;ng, lo&#7841;i c&aacute;c sats n&agrave;y kh&#7887;i l&#432;u th&ocirc;ng nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t ti&#7873;n l&#7879; ch&#432;a t&#7915;ng c&oacute; v&#7873; vi&#7879;c l&agrave;m m&#7845;t gi&aacute; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a satoshi,&rdquo; <a href="https://x.com/livecoinsBR/status/2003836792164762077?s=20" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">Livecoins, m&#7897;t t&agrave;i kho&#7843;n n&#7893;i ti&#7871;ng tr&ecirc;n X</a> vi&#7871;t.
</blockquote>

Vi&#7879;c ph&acirc;n lo&#7841;i s&#7869; t&ugrave;y gi&aacute; tr&#7883;, t&#7853;p trung v&agrave;o c&aacute;c UTXO d&#432;&#7899;i 1,000 satoshi trong m&#7897;t s&#7889; th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh. Khi t&iacute;nh n&#259;ng n&agrave;y k&iacute;ch ho&#7841;t, node s&#7869; b&#7887; qua c&aacute;c NMU n&agrave;y trong qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh x&aacute;c th&#7921;c giao d&#7883;ch.
Nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7911;ng h&#7897; cho r&#7857;ng c&aacute;ch n&agrave;y ng&#259;n spam b&#7857;ng c&#417; ch&#7871; kinh t&#7871;, kh&ocirc;ng c&#7847;n l&#7885;c k&#7929; thu&#7853;t li&ecirc;n t&#7909;c. H&#7885; nh&#432; TwoLargePizzas tin r&#7857;ng l&#7907;i &iacute;ch kh&ocirc;ng d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i &#7903; vi&#7879;c &ldquo;d&#7885;n d&#7865;p&rdquo; m&#7897;t l&#7847;n m&agrave; c&ograve;n nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n th&#7871;.
Khi th&#7875; hi&#7879;n r&otilde; quan &#273;i&#7875;m Bitcoin kh&ocirc;ng khuy&#7871;n kh&iacute;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&agrave;i thanh to&aacute;n, &ldquo;The Cat&rdquo; c&oacute; th&#7875; ng&#259;n &yacute; &#273;&#7883;nh spam v&#7873; sau. Nona YoBidnes nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh r&#7857;ng spam chi&#7871;m &#273;&#7871;n 30&ndash;50% t&#7893;ng s&#7889; UTXO, g&#7885;i &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t l&agrave; &ldquo;m&#7897;t l&#7901;i c&#7843;nh b&aacute;o ch&#7889;ng spam&rdquo; m&#7841;nh m&#7869; cho c&#7843; m&#7841;ng l&#432;&#7899;i.
BIP nh&#7855;m &#273;&#7871;n h&agrave;ng tri&#7879;u output &ldquo;b&#7909;i&rdquo; ch&#432;a ti&ecirc;u d&ugrave;ng, m&#7895;i output ng&#7889;n t&agrave;i nguy&ecirc;n. &#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i c&aacute;c d&#7883;ch v&#7909; quy m&ocirc; l&#7899;n, g&aacute;nh n&#7863;ng t&iacute;ch t&#7909; n&agrave;y g&acirc;y ra chi ph&iacute; v&#7853;n h&agrave;nh th&#7921;c s&#7921; v&agrave; c&#7843; th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7891;ng b&#7897; node ch&#7853;m h&#417;n cho ng&#432;&#7901;i d&ugrave;ng m&#7899;i.
<h2 class="bic-gutenberg-heading wp-heading wp-block-heading" id="h-debate-property-rights-and-bitcoin-s-core-values">Tranh lu&#7853;n: quy&#7873;n s&#7903; h&#7919;u t&agrave;i s&#7843;n v&agrave; c&aacute;c gi&aacute; tr&#7883; c&#7889;t l&otilde;i c&#7911;a Bitcoin</h2>

Ph&iacute;a ph&#7843;n &#273;&#7889;i &#273;&#432;a ra l&yacute; l&#7869; &#273;&#7847;y s&#7913;c n&#7863;ng, cho r&#7857;ng &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t n&agrave;y s&#7869; l&agrave;m thay &#273;&#7893;i g&#7889;c r&#7877; c&aacute;c thu&#7897;c t&iacute;nh c&#7911;a Bitcoin. Greg Maxwell, m&#7897;t developer l&#7899;n v&agrave; nh&agrave; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng v&igrave; quy&#7873;n ri&ecirc;ng t&#432;, cho r&#7857;ng ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m l&#432;u tr&#7919; kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&#7911; l&#7899;n &#273;&#7875; bi&#7879;n minh cho vi&#7879;c &ldquo;v&ocirc; hi&#7879;u h&oacute;a UTXO&rdquo;, g&#7885;i &#273;&acirc;y l&agrave; &ldquo;t&#432;&#7899;c &#273;o&#7841;t t&agrave;i s&#7843;n,&rdquo; l&agrave;m lung lay gi&aacute; tr&#7883; c&#7889;t l&otilde;i c&#7911;a Bitcoin.
L&#7853;p tr&igrave;nh vi&ecirc;n Ataraxia 009 c&#7843;nh b&aacute;o thay &#273;&#7893;i n&agrave;y &ldquo;c&oacute; th&#7875; tr&#432;&#7907;t d&agrave;i tr&ecirc;n m&#7897;t con d&#7889;c nguy hi&#7875;m.&rdquo; Khi &#273;&#7891;ng thu&#7853;n blockchain c&oacute; th&#7875; &#273;&oacute;ng b&#259;ng m&#7897;t s&#7889; UTXO, t&#432;&#417;ng lai s&#7869; m&#7903; ra kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#7883;ch thu coin h&agrave;ng lo&#7841;t.
V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&agrave;y &#273;&aacute;nh tr&uacute;ng t&acirc;m l&yacute; c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng v&#7889;n &#273;&#7863;t n&#7863;ng y&#7871;u t&#7889; ch&#7889;ng ki&#7875;m duy&#7879;t, ch&#7889;ng t&#7883;ch thu t&agrave;i s&#7843;n.
Cu&#7897;c tranh lu&#7853;n t&#7853;p trung v&agrave;o c&acirc;u h&#7887;i: Li&#7879;u Bitcoin c&oacute; n&ecirc;n ph&acirc;n bi&#7879;t c&aacute;c lo&#7841;i giao d&#7883;ch tr&ecirc;n t&#7847;ng giao th&#7913;c hay kh&ocirc;ng?
Nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7911;ng h&#7897; xem spam inscription l&agrave; t&#7845;n c&ocirc;ng c&#7847;n lo&#7841;i b&#7887;, c&ograve;n ph&iacute;a ph&#7843;n &#273;&#7889;i l&#7841;i s&#7907; r&#7857;ng giao th&#7913;c s&#7869; c&oacute; quy&#7873;n ph&acirc;n x&#7917; m&#7885;i giao d&#7883;ch c&oacute; h&#7907;p l&#7879; hay kh&ocirc;ng.
N&#7871;u m&#7841;ng l&#432;&#7899;i s&#7861;n s&agrave;ng x&oacute;a b&#7887; satoshi v&igrave; m&#7909;c &#273;&iacute;ch s&#7917; d&#7909;ng, nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i lo r&#7857;ng &#273;&acirc;y c&oacute; th&#7875; m&#7903; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cho c&aacute;c h&igrave;nh th&#7913;c can thi&#7879;p r&#7897;ng h&#417;n sau n&agrave;y.
Cu&#7897;c tranh lu&#7853;n c&#361;ng cho th&#7845;y s&#7921; gi&#7857;ng co v&#7873; &ldquo;c&#259;n t&iacute;nh&rdquo; c&#7911;a Bitcoin. Li&#7879;u Bitcoin ch&#7881; l&agrave; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng thanh to&aacute;n hay c&ograve;n l&agrave; n&#417;i b&#7843;o v&#7879; m&#7885;i giao d&#7883;ch h&#7907;p l&#7879; kh&#7887;i ki&#7875;m duy&#7879;t?
Ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7911;ng h&#7897; d&#7851;n ch&#7913;ng truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng h&#7841;n ch&#7871; l&#432;u tr&#7919; d&#7919; li&#7879;u, nh&#432;ng nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7843;n b&aacute;c l&#7841;i nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh Ordinals v&agrave; Stamps hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i v&#7851;n h&#7907;p l&#7879; theo quy t&#7855;c blockchain.
C&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng v&#7851;n &#273;ang &#273;&oacute;ng g&oacute;p &yacute; ki&#7871;n trong qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh xem x&eacute;t d&#7921; th&#7843;o, tr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#7845;t k&#7923; BIP ch&iacute;nh th&#7913;c n&agrave;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&igrave;nh l&ecirc;n. K&#7871;t qu&#7843; s&#7869; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881; v&#7873; m&#7863;t k&#7929; thu&#7853;t m&agrave; c&ograve;n l&agrave; c&aacute;ch Bitcoin c&acirc;n b&#7857;ng gi&#7919;a gi&aacute; tr&#7883; c&#7889;t l&otilde;i v&agrave; nhu c&#7847;u v&#7853;n h&agrave;nh th&#7921;c t&#7871;.
B&#7845;t k&#7875; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; &ldquo;The Cat&rdquo; ra sao, cu&#7897;c tranh lu&#7853;n n&agrave;y &#273;&atilde; nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh xung &#273;&#7897;t gi&#7919;a hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; v&#7853;n h&agrave;nh v&agrave; nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855;c, khi Bitcoin ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c m&#7903; r&#7897;ng v&agrave; &#273;&#7889;i m&#7863;t v&#7899;i nhi&#7873;u th&aacute;ch th&#7913;c m&#7899;i.

Liệu Bitcoin sắp khóa các coin của mình? Đề xuất “The Cat” gây chia rẽ cộng đồng