&#272;&#7891;ng s&aacute;ng l&#7853;p Ethereum, Vitalik Buterin, nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh t&iacute;nh ch&#7889;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7917; l&agrave; m&#7897;t y&#7871;u t&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng trong l&#7897; tr&igrave;nh d&agrave;i h&#7841;n c&#7911;a m&#7841;ng l&#432;&#7899;i n&agrave;y.
&#272;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y di&#7877;n ra khi c&oacute; nguy c&#417; t&#259;ng cao t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng ti&#7871;n b&#7897; trong t&iacute;nh to&aacute;n l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7917; c&oacute; th&#7875; l&agrave;m suy y&#7871;u c&aacute;c h&#7879; th&#7889;ng m&atilde; h&oacute;a hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i.
<h2 class="bic-gutenberg-heading wp-heading wp-block-heading" id="h-ethereum-races-to-go-quantum-safe">Ethereum ch&#7841;y &#273;ua &#273;&#7875; an to&agrave;n tr&#432;&#7899;c l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7917;</h2>

Ph&aacute;t bi&#7875;u t&#7841;i h&#7897;i ngh&#7883; Devconnect &#7903; Buenos Aires, Argentina, <a target="_blank" href="https://vn.beincrypto.com/ethereum-vitalik-exposes-blind-spot-blockchain-security/" rel="noreferrer noopener">Buterin &#273;&atilde; gi&#7843;i th&iacute;ch</a> l&#7897; tr&igrave;nh c&#7911;a Ethereum, bao g&#7891;m c&aacute;c m&#7909;c ti&ecirc;u trong hai n&#259;m t&#7899;i v&agrave; c&aacute;c ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; &ldquo;Ethereum Tinh G&#7885;n&rdquo;.
Theo &#273;&oacute;, Ethereum Tinh G&#7885;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u v&agrave;o th&aacute;ng 07 nh&#432; m&#7897;t khung ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n d&agrave;i h&#7841;n c&#7911;a m&#7841;ng l&#432;&#7899;i. N&oacute; t&#7853;p trung v&agrave;o s&#7921; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n, b&#7843;o m&#7853;t v&agrave; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; &#7903; t&#7847;ng c&#417; b&#7843;n c&#7911;a m&#7841;ng l&#432;&#7899;i. &#272;&aacute;ng ch&uacute; &yacute;, m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a t&#7847;m nh&igrave;n &#273;&oacute; l&agrave; &ldquo;ch&#7889;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7917; m&#7885;i l&uacute;c m&#7885;i n&#417;i&rdquo;, theo Buterin.
&Ocirc;ng c&#361;ng c&#7843;nh b&aacute;o r&#7857;ng m&atilde; h&oacute;a b&#7843;o v&#7879; Ethereum (ETH) v&agrave; Bitcoin (BTC) c&oacute; th&#7875; y&#7871;u &#273;i tr&#432;&#7899;c c&aacute;c ti&#7871;n b&#7897; trong t&iacute;nh to&aacute;n l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7917; v&agrave;o n&#259;m 2028.
D&ugrave; nhi&#7873;u chuy&ecirc;n gia v&#7851;n d&#7921; &#273;o&aacute;n c&aacute;c &#273;&#7897;t ph&aacute; l&#7899;n trong t&iacute;nh to&aacute;n l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7917; c&ograve;n xa, nh&#432;ng hi&#7879;n nay th&#7901;i gian &#273;ang &#273;&#432;&#7907;c xem x&eacute;t k&#7929; l&#432;&#7905;ng. <a target="_blank" href="https://vn.beincrypto.com/quantum-computing-cryptography-timeline-2034/" rel="noreferrer noopener">Metaculus, m&#7897;t n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng d&#7921; b&aacute;o</a>, &#432;&#7899;c t&iacute;nh r&#7857;ng m&aacute;y t&iacute;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7917; c&oacute; th&#7875; ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch s&#7889; RSA v&agrave;o n&#259;m 2034 &ndash; g&#7847;n 20 n&#259;m s&#7899;m h&#417;n d&#7921; b&aacute;o tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&oacute;.
M&#7897;t s&#7889; chuy&ecirc;n gia c&#7843;nh b&aacute;o r&#7857;ng r&#7911;i ro t&#7915; t&iacute;nh to&aacute;n l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7917; c&oacute; th&#7875; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n <a target="_blank" href="https://vn.beincrypto.com/bitcoin-quantum-threat-countdown-warning/" rel="noreferrer noopener">s&#7899;m nh&#7845;t t&#7915; 2028</a> &#273;&#7871;n 2033. Vi&#7879;c n&agrave;y di&#7877;n ra trong b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh ti&#7871;n b&#7897; v&#7873; ph&#7847;n c&#7913;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7917; &#273;ang t&#259;ng t&#7889;c nhanh ch&oacute;ng.
V&agrave;o cu&#7889;i th&aacute;ng 10, <a target="_blank" href="https://vn.beincrypto.com/chip-luong-tu-goole-willow-bitcoin/" rel="noreferrer noopener">Google &#273;&atilde; c&ocirc;ng b&#7889; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7897;t ph&aacute; l&#7899;n</a> trong thu&#7853;t to&aacute;n. C&ocirc;ng ty ti&#7871;t l&#7897; r&#7857;ng h&#7885; &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7907;i th&#7871; l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7917; &#273;&#7847;u ti&ecirc;n c&oacute; th&#7875; ki&#7875;m ch&#7913;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7857;ng c&aacute;ch ch&#7841;y thu&#7853;t to&aacute;n out-of-order time correlator (OTOC).
Thu&#7853;t to&aacute;n out-of-order time correlator (OTOC) l&agrave; m&#7897;t thu&#7853;t to&aacute;n t&iacute;nh to&aacute;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7875; t&iacute;nh to&aacute;n OTOCs, &#273;&acirc;y l&agrave; c&aacute;c h&agrave;m t&#432;&#417;ng quan l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7917; &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; ch&#7849;n &#273;o&aacute;n h&#7895;n lo&#7841;n l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7917;, s&#7921; tr&#7897;n l&#7851;n v&agrave; s&#7921; lan truy&#7873;n th&ocirc;ng tin trong c&aacute;c h&#7879; th&#7889;ng nhi&#7873;u v&#7853;t th&#7875;.
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&ldquo;&#272;&acirc;y l&agrave; l&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&ecirc;n trong l&#7883;ch s&#7917; m&agrave; b&#7845;t k&#7923; m&aacute;y t&iacute;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7917; n&agrave;o &#273;&atilde; ch&#7841;y th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng m&#7897;t thu&#7853;t to&aacute;n c&oacute; th&#7875; ki&#7875;m ch&#7913;ng v&#432;&#7907;t qua kh&#7843; n&#259;ng c&#7911;a si&ecirc;u m&aacute;y t&iacute;nh. T&iacute;nh x&aacute;c minh l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7917; c&oacute; ngh&#297;a l&agrave; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&oacute; th&#7875; l&#7863;p l&#7841;i tr&ecirc;n m&aacute;y t&iacute;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7917; c&#7911;a ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i &mdash; ho&#7863;c b&#7845;t k&#7923; m&aacute;y n&agrave;o c&oacute; c&ugrave;ng c&#7845;p &#273;&#7897; &mdash; &#273;&#7875; c&oacute; c&ugrave;ng c&acirc;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i, x&aacute;c nh&#7853;n k&#7871;t qu&#7843;. Thao t&aacute;c t&iacute;nh to&aacute;n l&#7863;p &#273;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i, v&#432;&#7907;t qua c&aacute;c gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n tuy&#7871;n t&iacute;nh n&agrave;y l&agrave; c&#417; s&#7903; cho vi&#7879;c x&aacute;c minh c&oacute; th&#7875; m&#7903; r&#7897;ng, &#273;&#432;a m&aacute;y t&iacute;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7917; ti&#7871;n g&#7847;n h&#417;n &#273;&#7871;n tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng c&#7909; cho c&aacute;c &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng th&#7921;c ti&#7877;n,&rdquo; blog <a href="https://blog.google/technology/research/quantum-echoes-willow-verifiable-quantum-advantage/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">&#273;&atilde; vi&#7871;t</a>.
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C&ugrave;ng l&uacute;c &#273;&oacute;<a target="_blank" href="https://vn.beincrypto.com/ibm-bitcoin-quantum-warning/" rel="noreferrer noopener">, IBM &#273;ang l&agrave;m vi&#7879;c v&#7873; IBM Quantum Starling</a>. Theo c&ocirc;ng ty, &#273;&acirc;y c&oacute; th&#7875; l&agrave; &ldquo;m&aacute;y t&iacute;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7917; l&#7899;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&ecirc;n tr&ecirc;n th&#7871; gi&#7899;i, &#273;&aacute;ng tin c&#7853;y.&rdquo; D&#7921; ki&#7871;n s&#7869; cung c&#7845;p t&#7899;i kh&aacute;ch h&agrave;ng v&agrave;o n&#259;m 2029.
Khi ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7917; t&#259;ng t&#7889;c v&agrave; th&#7901;i gian b&#7883; r&uacute;t ng&#7855;n, vi&#7879;c Ethereum &#273;&#7849;y m&#7841;nh kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ch&#7889;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7917; s&#7899;m cho th&#7845;y m&#7897;t s&#7921; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i r&#7897;ng l&#7899;n h&#417;n: c&aacute;c m&#7841;ng blockchain c&oacute; th&#7875; s&#7899;m c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i chu&#7849;n b&#7883; cho m&#7897;t k&#7927; nguy&ecirc;n m&atilde; h&oacute;a m&#7899;i &mdash; n&#417;i an ninh l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7917; tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh y&ecirc;u c&#7847;u c&#417; b&#7843;n thay v&igrave; l&agrave; m&#7897;t xem x&eacute;t t&#432;&#417;ng lai.
<h2 class="bic-gutenberg-heading wp-heading wp-block-heading" id="h-ethereum-s-roadmap-what-will-the-future-hold">L&#7897; tr&igrave;nh c&#7911;a Ethereum: T&#432;&#417;ng lai s&#7869; ra sao?</h2>

Trong khi &#273;&oacute;, <a target="_blank" href="https://beincrypto.com/learn/vitalik-buterin-guide/" rel="noreferrer noopener">Buterin &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#7863;t t&iacute;nh ch&#7889;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7917;</a> c&ugrave;ng v&#7899;i m&#7897;t danh s&aacute;ch c&aacute;c c&#7843;i ti&#7871;n d&agrave;i h&#7841;n m&agrave; nh&oacute;m &#273;ang kh&aacute;m ph&aacute;. Bao g&#7891;m c&aacute;c m&aacute;y &#7843;o zk-friendly, h&agrave;m b&#259;m zk-friendly nh&#432; Poseidon, x&aacute;c minh h&igrave;nh th&#7913;c, &#273;&#7891;ng thu&#7853;n t&#7889;i &#432;u v&agrave; s&#7921; ho&agrave;n thi&#7879;n nhanh h&#417;n.
Trong trung h&#7841;n (2025-26), l&#7897; tr&igrave;nh nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh kh&#7843; n&#259;ng m&#7903; r&#7897;ng, bao g&#7891;m <a target="_blank" href="https://beincrypto.com/learn/ethereum-gas-fees-lowest/" rel="noreferrer noopener"> t&#259;ng gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n gas, </a>n&acirc;ng c&#7845;p nh&#432; EIP-7732 v&agrave; c&aacute;c danh s&aacute;ch truy c&#7853;p c&#7845;p kh&#7889;i (cho ph&eacute;p x&#7917; l&yacute; song song b&#7903;i c&aacute;c n&uacute;t) &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng th&ocirc;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng m&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng l&agrave;m &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n ph&acirc;n quy&#7873;n.
Xa h&#417;n n&#7919;a (2026-27), Buterin &#273;&atilde; ph&aacute;c th&#7843;o c&aacute;c n&acirc;ng c&#7845;p t&#7853;p trung v&agrave;o kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ch&#7889;ng ki&#7875;m duy&#7879;t, c&#7843;i ti&#7871;n ph&acirc;n quy&#7873;n v&agrave; n&acirc;ng cao tr&#7915;u t&#432;&#7907;ng h&oacute;a t&agrave;i kho&#7843;n.

Ethereum ưu tiên bảo mật lượng tử khi Vitalik cảnh báo mật mã có thể bị bẻ khóa vào năm 2028